对于非纸张型载体的电子文献，当被引用为参考文献时需在参考文献类型标识中同时标明其载体类型。本规范建议采用双字母表示电子文献载体类型：磁带（magnetic tape）——MT，磁盘（disk）——DK，光盘（CD-ROM）——CD，联机网络（online）——OL，并以下列格式表示包括了文献载体类型的参考文献类型标识：

[文献类型标识/载体类型标识]

如：[DB/OL]——联机网上数据库（database online)

[DB/MT]——磁带数据库（database on magnetic tape)

[M/CD]——光盘图书（monograph on CD-ROM)

[CP/DK]——磁盘软件（computer program on disk)

[J/OL]——网上期刊（serial online)

[EB/OL]——网上电子公告（electronic bulletin board online)

2.6 致谢

致谢中主要感谢导师和对论文工作有直接贡献及帮助的人士和单位。

（三）附录部分

附录

对于一些不宜放入正文中、但作为毕业论文又是不可缺少的部分，或有重要参考价值的内容，可编入毕业论文的附录中。例如，调查问卷、过长的公式推导、重复性的数据、图表、语料全文及其说明等。

三、毕业论文撰写及印刷要求

1．文字和字数

毕业论文（设计）的字数要求（从Introduction开始计算，到Conclusion结束）：

英文：6000字以上（论文字数若达不到要求，论文成绩直接为不合格！）

2．打印

论文要求由学生本人录入；打印为A4幅面白纸上。

具体说明：

英文封面、承诺书、中文摘要、英文摘要、英文目录、参考文献和致谢页要求单面打印，如果目录内容超过一页的话就双面打印；

正文部分（即从Introduction开始至Conclusion结束）双面打印。

3. 字体和字号等具体格式要求（详见附件）

四、关于2021届商务英语本科论文写作及格式设置的补充说明

1. 论文检测

所有论文必须有查重报告！所有同学一定要在论文答辩前提交给自己的论文指导老师。论文查重报告中的“文字复制比”应为20%以下，可以视为合格；如果超过此比例，则视为不合格，论文修改后再次检测，如果仍超过20%的，则延迟至下一年答辩。

2. 页眉与页脚的设置与字体

页眉顶端为1.5厘米，页脚底端为1.7厘米。页码的字体为Times New Roman，小五号字。页眉与页脚的距离设置，如下图所示：

3. Bibliography中的字体设置

（1）Bibliography中的序号，如“[1]”，用Times New Roman字体，中括号输入要保证在英文状态下输入。

（2）如果文献过长，出现两行或三行的，请使用悬挂缩进。请注意：悬挂缩进的字符数，并不是固定的！！！！有些格式可能要设置为1.5字符/1.55字符/1.6字符/1.65字符/1.7字符等（数字在英文状态下，直接按键盘输入即可，然后自己看效果）。总的原则为：第二行或第三行与作者的第一个名字保持对齐，美观即可。例如：

本科毕业论文（设计、调查报告）

（2021届）

学院 ___________________________________

专业 ___________________________________

题目 ___________________________________

学生姓名 _____________学号____________

指导教师1______________职称/学位____________

指导教师2______________职称/学位____________

安徽外国语学院教务处印制

Genre Analysis of Business English Correspondences

By Deng Meng

A thesis

Submitted to School of English Languages

Anhui International Studies University

For the degree of

Bachelor of Arts

Supervised by

Yuan Tongdi

May 2021

附件1（在论文写作时，去掉“附件1”这三个字）

承诺书

我谨在此承诺：本人已认真学习并知晓教育部《学位论文作假行为处理办法》的全部内容。

本人承诺恪守学术道德和学术规范，在指导教师指导下独立完成学位论文。本人郑重声明：所呈交的学位论文，是本人在导师的指导下，独立进行研究工作所取得的成果。除文中已经注明引用的内容外，本学位论文不含任何其他个人或集体已经发表或撰写过的作品成果。对本论文所涉及的研究工作做出贡献的其他个人和集体，均已在文中以明确的方式标明。本学位论文的知识产权归属于培养单位。

如本人存在（一)购买、出售学位论文或者组织学位论文买卖的； (二)由他人代写、为他人代写学位论文或者组织学位论文代写的； (三)剽窃他人作品和学术成果的； (四)伪造数据的； (五)有其他严重学位论文作假行为等以上情形，本人愿意接受学校按有关规定给予的处理，并承担相应责任。

特此确认。

承诺人：

学号：

年月日

Genre Analysis of Business English Correspondences

Abstract

With the rapid development of China’s economy and the accelerating process of economic globalization, trade and cooperation between China and foreign countries will be closer. In foreign trade activities, English correspondences are used most frequently as communication tools. In recent years, many domestic scholars have been working on the research of foreign trade correspondence, mainly in the translation and teaching, and there are also a few studied linguistic features like fuzzy language and pragmatic strategies. However, with the fast development of foreign trade, these studies are relatively rare and rarely analyze foreign trade correspondence from the perspective of genre. Based on the theory of genre analysis, combined with examples, this paper analyzes business English correspondence from the micro and macro levels, exploring lexical features, syntactic features, textual features and pragmatic strategies. In the micro level, business English correspondence uses a lot of terminologies and abbreviations, and the sentences are rigorous and refined with fixed sentence patterns. From the macro perspective, the discourse of business English corresarts: introduction-detail-response-conclusion, which presents a prominent hierarchical structure. Correspondences often use specific pragmatic strategy for communicative situation. Business English correspondence shows distinctive genre characteristics and writing principles. This study concentrates on the whole framework and textual structure of business English correspondence, and hopes to provide some references for relevant practitioners.

Key words: business English correspondence generic features pragmatic strategy

附件3（在论文写作时，去掉“附件3”这三个字）

外贸英语函电的体裁分析

摘要

随着中国经济的快速发展，经济全球化进程的不断加快，中外交流与合作会更加密切。在对外贸易活动中，英文信函是中外企业中使用最为频繁的沟通工具。近年来，许多国内学者开始致力于外贸函电的研究，相关研究主要体现在外贸函电翻译及教学方面，也有少数偏向于语言现象如模糊语的使用和语用策略等。但随着对外贸易的蓬勃发展，这些研究相对较少且鲜少从体裁角度对外贸函电进行分析。本文基于体裁分析理论，从微观和宏观两个层面结合实例展开分析，分别探讨外贸英语函电的词汇特征、句法特征、语篇特征和语用策略。从微观层面来看，外贸函电大量使用专业术语及缩略语，句子严谨且精炼，句式固定。从宏观层面来看，语篇一般由引言-详情-应答-结语这四部分组成，呈现出突出的层次结构。函电因涉及特定交际情境而衍生出特定的语用策略。外贸英语函电呈现出鲜明的体裁特征及写作规律。本文注重对外贸英语函电的整体框架和语篇构成的研究，同时希望能对相关从业人员提供一点参考。

关键词：外贸英语函电体裁特征语用策略

附件4（在论文写作时，去掉“附件4”这三个字）

Contents

四、关于2021届商务英语本科论文写作及格式设置的补充说明

Acknowledgements

I Introduction

With the development of commodity economy and the increasing frequency of business activities, business English letters have become an indispensable communication tool in international trade. The discourse community of business English correspondence adheres to fixed formats and rules when writing business letters. Nowadays, the globalization of international trade has become an obvious tendency. For students majoring in business English and international trade, it is essential to master the basic reading and writing skills of business English correspondence. So the study of business English letters is required and it is of great significance. The widespread use of business letters has attracted the attention of different scholars who are concerned about this new genre in all aspects. Gains (1999) studied its linguistic characteristics and stylistic conventions, and Louhiala Salminen (2002) focused on its role in business communication. Some scholars have studied the vocabulary, grammar and textual level of business English correspondence, as well as some linguistic phenomena. Wei Guoping (2005) has analyzed their type of writing in terms of language, textual, grammatical and vocabulary features. Ju Yumei and Liu Jianfu (2004) have applied the interpersonal function and politeness theory in studies of business correspondence. But there are still more space for relevant researches. Meanwhile most of the researches concentrate on a specific aspect such as translating, teaching or pragmatic strategy rather than an overall analysis of elements and text structure. The prime purpose of business letters is communication which is accomplished by mastering the whole structure and principles for writing. In order to make a relatively comprehensive study of business English letters, revealing its distinctive features and general rules when writing, this paper uses the theory of genre analysis as the framework to explore business English correspondence. This thesis studies from the following two aspects:

In the micro aspect, this study focuses on the lexical features and syntactic characteristics of business English correspondence, trying to reveal to some extent how it achieves the communication purpose of its transmission and inquiry information through language. Business English correspondence is established by many single sentences so this paper pays much attention to its language features.

In the macro aspect, according to the definition of move, combined with the example, this thesis devotes to determine the move-structure and textual feature of business English correspondence. The study also explores its pragmatic strategies commonly used in specific communication situations. Analysis in this aspect mainly focuses in the whole layout of business English correspondences.

This paper adopts the genre theory as the theoretical framework of the study. It consists of five parts. Part one is devoted to a general description, including the aim and significance of the study, literature review and the organization of the paper. Part two is the introduction to business English correspondence and genre and genre theory. Part three is the body of this paper with the analysis process of business English correspondences which includes lexical features, syntactic features and textual features. Part four pays attention to pragmatic strategy. The last part is the conclusion of the thesis, summarises the significance of the study and points out the limitations of the study.

II Business English Correspondences and Genre

This chapter is going to introduce business English correspondence and genre. In the first part, it introduces the definition, classification, and previous studies of business English correspondence. In recent years, genre analysis draws much attention as a new method of exploring discourse. So in its next part, what is genre and the development of genre theory are also expounded.

Business English correspondence refers to various English correspondences which foreign trade companies and their personnel using in the foreign trade activities. There are different forms of business English correspondence used as communication tools in foreign trade activities, such as paper letters, faxes, telegrams, emails and others. Business English correspondence is primarily used to establish transactions or maintain good relationships with partners. The different functions and purposes of business English correspondence determine the specific correspondence. There are many groups of business English correspondence classified by their types. One of the most common classifications is depended by its functions. Another classification is according to their content. The last kind is produced by their given information. With the continuous increase of foreign trade activities, more researchers tend to value business English correspondence more than before.

2.1 Business English Correspondence

The relevant theories and research on foreign trade correspondence have been constantly improving for many scholars have shown keen interest in its study. In 1983, British linguist Geoffrey Leech divided foreign trade correspondence into four categories: cooperation, competition, harmony and conflict based on his research on Speech Act Theory. At present, many scholars have explored and studied its various fields. It mainly concentrates on writing and teaching of business English letters. From the perspective of teaching, Tan (2006) concentrated on analyzing use of case teaching method in business English letters teaching research. In the aspect of writing, there are mainly specific principles. Zhao Lu (2012) studied the application of pragmatic strategy such as principles of politeness and cooperation in business English correspondence. Then more researches are conducted by domestic scholars. Some researchers devoted to study of translating of business English correspondence and a few scholars concentrated on pedagogies. Also some researchers show interest in the linguistic phenomenon. Wu (2000) paid attention to the pragmatic function of business English correspondence focusing on fuzzy languages. Chen jianping (2007) has explored the features of lexis, syntax and text used in business English correspondences and blended the study result into classroom instruction. Apart from teaching and translating, other researchers devoted to stylistic features in business letters. In a word, studies and researches on business English correspondence are more and more but relatively comprehensive studies are not enough. So genre analysis theory is adopted as a new way of exploring business English correspondence.

2.2 Genre

Beginning in the second half of the 20th century, with the development of genre research in various disciplines (such as linguistic anthropology, conversational analysis, rhetoric, etc.), linguists began to explore genres. Genre research is focusing on the United States, Australia and China. The three prominent schools are: “ESP School” represented by Essex-Bhatia, “Australian School” represented by Martin, and “New Rhetoric School of North America” represented by Miller.

2.2.1 Definitions of Genre

The concept of genre and genre analysis was first put forward by John Swales in the field of linguistic research. Although some linguistics tended to define genres, scholars from different schools have divergence on this point. This thesis concentrates on the ESP school. Swales (1990) argued that genre actually is a set of structured communicative events. Swales’ definition of genre can be summarized as follows: The “genre” is a classification of communicative events. The main criterion for the classification of communicative events is a set of accepted and shared communicative purposes. Generally speaking, “genre” is a tool or medium for achieving communicative purposes. Therefore, the “genre analysis” of discourse is not limited to the analysis of the linguistic features or stylistic features of the discourse, but consists of the purpose of communication.

Bhatia (1993), another representative of the ESP school, talked about his definition of the concept of genre in his book Analyzing Genre as that: a genre is a recognizable communicative event characterized by a set of communicative purposes and is used in specific community. Swales and Bhatia’s research on genre is mostly aimed at academic and professional discourse, which facilitates the understanding of these discourses for scholars and business participants.

2.2.2 Genre Theory

To express communicative purposes, members of a particular discourse community share “structure, style, content, and target audience” (Swales, 1990:58). Swales (1990) argues that schematic structures can distinguish different genres, and his famous CARS model was created to capture the ways how academic writers demonstrate and highlight their own contributions to the ongoing research profile of the field. Along with the development of genre theory, when analyzing discourse, “Swalesian School” often uses the move and step as the starting point of discourse analysis, and mostly uses academic and professional discourse as the analysis object. Many scholars adopted move-step structure as an analysis method and it is used to analyze the schematic structure of business English correspondences.

Genre analysis overcomes the shortcomings of previous language analysis methods, and strives to make a deep interpretation of the macro structure and communicative function of discourse, reveal the social and cultural factors and psychological cognition factors behind the discourse structure, and summarize the special ways and discourses to achieve the purpose of communication. In this thesis, genre analysis is used to explore lexical features, syntactic features and text structure of business English correspondence to get a relatively comprehensive understanding.

V Conclusion

This thesis concentrates on genre analysis of business English correspondence. It stars with introducing the background of business English correspondence and genre theory and then applies genre theory to analyze business English correspondence from both micro level and macro level. It explores the lexical features and grammatical features of general business letters from micro level and uses move-step structure to analyze textual features in terms of macro aspect. Through analyzing the specific contents of a counter-offer letter, this paper concludes that the discourse of business English correspondence is organized with a distinct hierarchical structure. Pragmatic strategies which often appear in business activities are also discussed from macro level in this thesis. Although relevant studies on business English correspondence have been done by some scholars in different aspects, these studies are not enough to meet the fast development of foreign trade. Some previous research explored the translating and teaching of business English correspondence and some scholars paid attention to contrast research focusing on difference between Chinese and native English speakers. But for relevant participants in trade activities, it is very useful and important to understand the whole structure of business letters and know how basic factors are organized. Communicative function is the prime purpose of business English correspondence. So based on genre theory, this thesis gives a relatively comprehensive analysis of the business English correspondence especially on the layout and text structure.

Nevertheless, despite the achievements of the study mentioned above, there are still some limitations in a way. The analysis of business English correspondence is not enough since there are other aspects to be explored and even a small aspect has a large amount of features to be found. The analysis is focusing on whole structure and thus it does not extend much on per aspect. There is still much room for improvement in this thesis.

如果正文部分有图表：

表2-1 城乡居民之间收入差距变化

年份	农村居民家庭人均纯收入		城镇居民家庭人均可支配收入		比率（B/A）
年份	绝对数（A） (元）	指数	绝对数（B） (元）	指数	比率（B/A）
1978	133.6
1979	191.3
1980	397.6
1981	423.8

附件5（在论文写作时，去掉“附件5”这三个字）

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请注意：考虑到参考文献形式多种多样，因此本页所列的内容，仅供学生参考相关文献的写法，并不是规定字体字号的格式！！

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[8] 魏士益,许明坤,叶有芝. 用于制备光学活性环戊烯酮化物的方法及由其制得的环戊烯酮化物[P]. 中国:2007100036145, 2014-11-19.

[9] 王明亮. 关于中国学术期刊标准化数据库系统工程的进展［EB/OL］. http://www.cajcd.edu.cn/ Pub/wml.txt/980810-2.html,1998- 08-16/1998-10-04.

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附件6（在论文写作时，去掉“附件6”这三个字）

Acknowledgements

××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××.

附件7（在论文写作时，去掉“附件7”这三个字。如果论文没有附录，可删除此部分。）

Appendix